What legal rights (if any) does Milesofpaper Ltd have in respect of payment for the stationery and office equipment??

Introduction As Mr Frank and Mr Stamp entered into the contract with Milesofpaper Ltd before the incorporation of Wearboaters Ltd, it would appear that the contract was entered into under the partnership of Pleasure Boats & Co and thereby governed by the Partnership Act (PA) 1890. In order for a partnership to be created, there must be two or more persons that conduct business with a view to profit. Partnerships are defined under s. 1(1) PA 1890 as a â€Å"relation subsisting between persons carrying on business in common with a view of profit†. Mr Frank and Mr Stamp had clearly entered into a partnership as they carried on business (pleasure boat building and repairing) with a view to profit; Khan v Miah, Ahad and Miah[1]. Unlike companies, partnerships do not have a separate corporate personality and are instead regarded as a collection of individuals or persons.[2] This means that each partner is jointly liable, without limit, for the debts and obligations of the partnership incurred wh ile he or she is a partner (s. 9 PA 1890). Mr Frank and Mr Stamp will therefore both be personally liable for any debts the partnership incurred; M Young Legal Associates Ltd v Zahid[3]. In considering whether Milesofpaper has any rights in respect of payment for the stationary and office equipment, it will need to be considered whether Mr Frank and Mr Stamp are personally liable the contact is capable of binding the partnership. Given that both partners entered into the contract with Milesofpaper, they will be deemed to have had actual authority to bind the firm. S. 5 PA 1890 states that every partner is an agent of the firm whose acts bind the firm and his partners, unless the partner acting had no authority to do so. Given that both Mr Frank and Mr Stamp would have the authority to enter into the contract with Milesofpaper, it is clear that their actions would have bound the firm. However, because the contract was entered into under the company’s name; Wearboaters Ltd, it is doubtful that this particular transaction will be binding against the partners. It is noted under s. 6 PA 1890 that an act relating to the business of the firm must be done in the firm name or any other manner to be binding on the firm and all its partners. Since the act relating to the business of the firm was done in the name of the new unincorporated company, it is unlikely that the partnership will be liable for the debt. Ye t, the individual who entered into the contract may be liable for the debt as their own private act[4]; Sangster v Biddulph[5]. Furthermore, even though Wearboaters Ltd has now been incorporated, Milesofpaper Ltd will not be able to enforce the pre-incorporated contract. The reason for this is that; â€Å"before incorporation, the company is not competent to enter into contract in its own name as it has no legal entity†[6]. As such, Wearboaters Ltd will not be capable of being sued for the pre-incorporation contract that was entered into between Mr Frank, Mr Stamp and Milesofpaper. In Re English & Colonial Product Co[7] it was held that a company was not liable to pay for services and expenses incurred by a solicitor pre-incorporation as the company was not in existence at the time when the expenses were incurred. In addition, it was also held in CIT v City Mills Distilleries (P) Ltd[8] that a company has no status prior to its incorporation and can have no income or liability. As the company had not been incorporated, Mr Frank and Mr Stamp will be classed as ‘promoters’ who will have purported to enter into a contract by or on behalf of Wearboaters Ltd[9]. As promoters, Mr Frank and Mr Stamp will be personally liable unless the contract states otherwise (s. 51 Companies Act (CA) 2006). In Phonogram Ltd v Lane[10] it was held that a promoter of a company was personally liable to repay a deb t that was made on the company’s behalf under s. 51 CA 2006 (previously 2. 36 CA 1985) even though the claimant was unaware that the company was not in existence at the time the contract was entered into. Overall, it is likely that Milesofpaper will have a claim against Mr Frank and Mr Stamp in respect of payment for the stationery and office equipment. What legal rights (if any) do Mr Frank and Mr Stamp have in respect to payment for compensation for the destroyed boats and equipment? Once a company has been incorporated, it is separate and distinct from its members as shown in Salomon v Salomon[11]. Here, it was made clear that a company shall be solely liable for any losses or mishaps that arise within the company. In accordance with this principle, a company has the capacity to enter into contracts and sue and be sued in its own name. If the company suffers a breach of contract, it is the company who will be able to sue on the contract for breach and thereby seek to take the appropriate remedial action[12]. As business assets are owned by the company, it is the company who is responsible for insuring them. Because Mr Frank had insured the assets of the business under the partnership, the assets that have been transferred to the company will no longer be insured. This is because Mr Frank does not have an insurable interest in the company’s assets and a new contract would need to have been entered into between the company and the insurer. This was identifi ed in Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd[13] where Macaura was the owner of a timber estate who took out an insurance policy in his own name. Most of the timber was destroyed by fire but Macaura could not claim for loss of goods as he did not have an insurable interest in the timber. It was held that a person cannot claim for loss of goods that are owned by another party. As the company owned the timber, Macaura could not make a claim. Since Wearboaters Ltd is the new owner of the assets, Mr Frank will not be able to make a claim as they no longer have an insurable interest in the assets. When the assets were transferred a new insurance policy should have been taken out in Wearboaters Ltd’s name. As Mr Frank and Mr Stamp have failed to take out a new insurance policy, they will be deemed to have breached their directors’ duties and will be found personally liable for the loss that has been caused to the business. It cannot be said that Mr Frank and Mr Stamp were promoting the success of the company as required under s. 172 CA 2006 and will therefore be liable for any losses incurred; Re Duomatic[14]. This is an exception to the rule in Salomon that a company is separate and distinct from its members and thus allows the corporate veil to be lifted in certain circumstances. In addition, Mr Frank and Mr Stamp also breached their duty to â€Å"exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence† under s. 174 CA 2006 as shown in Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Goldberg[15]. Although the courts are generally reluctant to lift the corporate veil, they will do so when â€Å"common sense and reality demand it†[16] and when â€Å"there is a powerful argument of principle for lifting the corporate veil where the facts require it†[17]. It could be said that this is to apply in the instant situation as Mr Frank and Mr Stamp should have insured the assets of the business as they were the first directors of Wearboaters Ltd. The courts will only pierce the corporate veil in very limited circumstances, however, and if Mr Frank and Mr Stamp can demonstrate that there was no evidence of â€Å"fraud, illegality or a sham or if the company is a mere facade concealing the true facts† (ss. 213-215 of the Insolvency Act 1986, s. 993 CA 2006 and s. 15 of the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986), then it is unlikely that they will be found personally liable; Adams v Cape Industries plc[18]. As noted by Talbot; â€Å"veil piecing is not an end in itself but a means to an end†[19]. Therefore, unless the circumstances of the case give rise to fraud or a pre-existing obligation, the courts will be unlikely to pierce the veil in its entirety; Pirelli Cable Holding NV v IRC[20]. It has been said that the courts will â€Å"go to great lengths to avoid any obvious penetration of the corporate veil, whilst still making the sort of inquiries that would be satisfied by just such a process†[21]. T his prevents the doctrine from being completely undermined, whilst also protecting the public; Millam v Print Factory (London) 1991 Ltd[22]. The veil will only be lifted in exceptional circumstances[23] so as to prevent individuals from being discouraged from investing in companies[24]. Overall, given that it Mr Frank and Mr Stamp appear to have made a genuine mistake in respect of the insurance, it is unlikely that they will be found personally liable. However, they will not be entitled to compensation for any loss suffered. Bibliography Text Books A Dignam and J Lowry. Company Law (Core Text Series). (Oxford: OUP Oxford, 2012). D French. S Mason. and C Ryan. Mason, French & Ryan on Company Law, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013). L Jones. Introduction to Business Law. (Oxford: OUP Oxford, 2013). L Talbot, L. Critical Company Law, (London: Routledge, 2007). P P S Gonga. A Text Book of Company Law., (London: Chand, 2002). Journal Articles S Ghaiwal, S. ‘Chandler v Cape plc: Is there a chink in the corporate veil?’ (2012) Health and Safety at Work Newsletter, vol 18, no 3, 487-499. V V Watcher. ‘The Corporate Veil’ (2007) New Law Journal, vol. 990, no. 7218, 22-27. Legislation Partnership Act 1890 Cases Adams v Cape Industries plc [1990] Ch 433 CIT v City Mills Distilleries (P) Ltd (1996) 2 SCC 375 Khan v Miah, Ahad and Miah [2001] All ER Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd [1925] AC 619 Millam v Print Factory (London) 1991 Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 322 M Young Legal Associates Ltd v Zahid [2006] EWCA Civ 613 Pirelli Cable Holding NV v IRC [2006] UKHL 4 Phonogram Ltd v Lane (1982) QB 938 Re Duomatic [1969] 2 Ch 365 Re English & Colonial Product Co (1906) 2 Ch 435 Salomon v Salomon [1987] AC 22 Sangster v Biddulph [2005] PNLR 33 Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Goldberg [2004] 1 BCLC 557

Natural Fiber Wide Use Health And Social Care Essay

Natural fibres have been in a broad usage since the development of the human race. Catching up the Eco thrust, applied scientists were looking for eco-friendly options for fictile fibre. In the due class many natural fibres have been tested and some were able to do their base going economically feasible. The present work proposes to fix and prove a Natural Fiber ( Asian Palmyra ) Reinforced Composite ( NFRC ) . The survey is planned in conformity to a 3-Level Factorial Design and find the fluctuation of Tensile Strength ( TS ) , of short and indiscriminately oriented Palmyra NFRC, under control parametric quantities such as alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fiber volume % . The present paper focuses to pattern the influence of procedure variables on TS through Response Surface Methodology. The mathematical theoretical account which is developed to foretell tensile strength is found statistically valid and sound within the scope of the factors. Keywords: A – Discontinuous support, B – Mechanical belongingss, C – Statistical properties/methods, D – Mechanical testing, E – Lay-up ( manual ) .1. Introduction:Natural fibre has been in a broad usage since the development of the human race. They had got broad acceptation in communities for their flexibleness and strength. Recent tendencies in the country of fibre reinforced complexs have drawn a twine in utilizing these natural fibres as their support. The natural fibre imparts lower lastingness and lower strength compared to glaze fibres. However, low specific gravitation consequences in a higher specific strength and stiffness than glass. Natural fibres offer good thermal, dielectric and acoustic insularity belongingss along with easiness in processing technique without have oning of tools. Most of these fibres are produced in developing states like China, India and Brazil etc. In a historical position complexs like straw reinforced walls, bows and chariots made of pasted beds played of import functions in their endurance. Though many of these fibres are limited to their epidemic parts due to high local demand for many old ages, coming of man-made fibres have affected the market of natural fibres. After being entirely used for their electromagnetic belongingss, utilizing complexs to better the structural public presentation of ballistic capsule and aircraft became popular in last two decennaries of the old century. Particularly, increased constrains and future environmental route maps, have been emphasizing automotive industries to diminish their C pes prints. These rigorous steps have become blessing to the lagging natural fibre industries, and thereby making new challenges for research workers in happening beginnings of fibre, fiction techniques and applications of na tural fibres. The easy handiness of natural fibres and fabricating have motivated research workers worldwide late to seek locally available cheap fibres and to analyze their feasibleness of support intents and to what extent they satisfy the needed specifications of good reinforced polymer complexs [ 1 ] . Many surveies proved them to be possible rivals to man-made fibre to some extent. After reexamining the bing literature available on natural fibre complexs, assorted writers had put attempts in planing complexs based on the demands of composite industry. There has been a broad assortment of literature available on natural fibres such aspen, abaca, bagasse, bamboo, banana, coir, day of the month thenar, flax, henequen, isora, jute, silk cotton, deccan hemp, oil thenar, Ananas comosus, ramee, sisal, etc. , [ 2-18 ] . Natural fibre complexs provide comparable specific strength with that of man-made fibre complexs, due the low denseness offered by natural fibres [ 19 ] . There are many parametric quantities which affect the public presentation of a natural fiber-reinforced complex. Chemical alteration improvesA fiberA matrix adhesion, their consequences and effects on the physical belongingss ofA complexs [ 20 ] . Aspect ratio has a considerable consequence on composite belongingss, henc e it is of import to conserve fiber length every bit much as possible during composite processing operations [ 21 ] . Mechanical belongingss of the composite vary with assorted sums of fibre volume ratio. But there have been a really few documents covering with Palmyra fibre, the present fibre of our involvement [ 22 – 24 ] . The Borasseus Flabellifer is a tall and vertical thenar, and can populate 100 old ages or more and make a tallness of 30 m, with a canopy of big, fan-shaped foliages several twelve found distributing 3 metres across [ 25 ] . Each and every portion of the tree is a noteworthy socio-economic value for people in Southern India. The mid-ribs of the foliages and the fibres from their chaffs are used in doing industrial coppices and brooms. The fibre has good opposition to clash and heat, and will defy many chemicals and dissolvers. The denseness of toddy palm ( 0.7 gm/cm3 ) is least among all known natural fibres that are being commercially used in fabricating natural fibre complexs. This is extremely favourable belongings from the position point of light-weightiness. The present complex can happen extended application in non-structural, low-performance utilizations. Hence, the toddy palm fibres are most suited for doing support in green composite stuffs. The present research focuses on the survey and consequence of procedure parametric quantities on the tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented palmyra natural fibre reinforced complexs. The decisions drawn from this is that, a successful combination of procedure parametric quantities consequences in the betterment of mechanical belongingss of the composite. In future, complexs will be manufactured even more harmonizing to an integrated design procedure ensuing in the optimal building harmonizing to parametric quantities such as form, mass, strength, stiffness, lastingness, costs, etc. The developed mathematical theoretical account will be able to demo the influence of a design alteration on each one of these parametric quantities ( here strength ) .2. RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY:Response surface methodological analysis ( RSM ) began with the work of Box and Wilson in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society [ 26 ] . That work was motivated by the demand to run expe riments expeditiously, by a proper pick of design, and to find operating conditions on a set of governable variables that give rise to an optimum response. The cardinal thoughts in the classical RSM are developed utilizing additive multinomial theoretical accounts, chiefly first-degree and second-degree theoretical accounts, with uninterrupted response variables assumed, for the most portion, to be independently and usually distributed with changeless mistake discrepancies. This method has gone through several phases of development that are aimed at doing it more applicable to wider experimental state of affairss [ 27 ] . RSM is a aggregation of mathematical and statistical techniques that are utile for the mold and analysis of jobs in which a response of involvement is influenced by several variables and the aim is to optimise the response [ 28 ] . For, illustration, if the experimenter wishes to happen the degrees of two input variables, x1, x2 which maximize the output [ y ] of the procedure, so the procedure output is stated as: where I µ represents the noise or mistake observed in the response Y. If the expected response is denoted by E [ y ] = f [ x1, x2 ] = I · , so the surface represented by I · = f [ x1, x2 ] is called a response surface. If the individual input variable can be related to the end product variable so it is known as response curve and if the two input variables relate to the end product variable so it is known as response surface [ 28 ] . In common pattern, response surfaces are expressed diagrammatically and visualized through single secret plans, contours and 3D surface graphs.3. SPECIMEN Fabrication:The petioles of Asiatic Palmyra tree were soaked in a H2O retting armored combat vehicle for 45 yearss. After 45 yearss, the fibre can be extracted from the chaffs manually. These long uninterrupted fibres are washed exhaustively in plentifulness of clean H2O to take the excess waste ( fig. 1 ) .3.1 ALKALI TREATMENT:The obtained fibres were divided into three parts of equal weight. Th ese three groups of fibre were treated with 5 % NaOH solution for different clip continuances. The first group is treated for 2 hours, the 2nd for 4 hours and the 3rd for 6 hours. Chemical intervention with NaOH removes wet content from the fibres thereby increasing its strength. The chemical intervention besides clears all the drosss that are bordering the fiber stuff and besides stabilizes the molecular orientation. After alkali intervention, fibres were washed exhaustively in the distilled H2O and were dried for one twenty-four hours at room temperature. Then these long fibres were cut into short fibres of different lengths ( 3mm, 5mm and 7mm ) . The fibres which were treated for 2 hours with NaOH are cut into equal sums of 3mm, 5mm and 7mm fibres severally. Similarly, the fibres which were treated with NaOH for 4 hours and 6 hours were besides cut into short fibres. Therefore nine different samples of fibre were prepared which vary in fibre length and alkali intervention hours.3.2 PREPATION OF COMPOSITES:A rectangular wooden board of 300mm, 300mm was taken and wooden forms of thickness 4mm were fixed on these wooden boards with the aid of nails. These wooden forms were placed so that a infinite of 150mm, 10mm, and 4mm was obtained. After the molds of needed dimensions were prepared, wax was applied to the interior sides of the molds for easy release of the complex without lodging to the mold walls. Then the matrix was prepared by blending the hardener to epoxy. The epoxy and the hardener ratio were maintained at 10:1. To acquire goo d cured and a standard quality specimen, the epoxy and hardener must be assorted swimmingly and easy for about 10 proceedingss. Initial bed of the mold was filled with the epoxy rosin and hardener mixture and so the appropriate measure of fibres was placed such that epoxy mixture wholly spread over the fibres. Again, epoxy mixture was poured on the fibre. Therefore, the starting and stoping of the beds were of epoxy rosin. A fictile releasing house was placed on the top of the uncured mixture. Before using compaction, attempts were made to take all bubbles with roller. Finally, the compaction force per unit area of 0.05 MPa was applied equally and cured for 24 hours at room temperature. In this manner, specimens incorporating different volume fractions of fibre were prepared. These specimens were cured in the hot air oven at 600 C for 2 hours. Specimens incorporating different fibre volume fractions such as 20 % , 30 % , 40 % were prepared and 27 specimens were prepared. Natural Fib er Reinforced Composite ( NFRC ) is considered as the stuff for probe and its material composing is given in Table 4.1. The specimen ( Fig. 2 ) is prepared with the dimensions of 150mm length, 10mm breadth and 4mm thickness harmonizing to ASTM D 3039-76 [ 29 ] is used for experimentation.3.3 MECHANICAL Testing OF FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE:The most basic mechanical trial is the tenseness trial. For most structural stuffs, the tensile belongingss are indispensable elements of the stuff design allowable. The complexs specimens were tested as per ASTM criterions. The tensile testing was done as per ASTM D 3039M with the aid of INSTRON-6025 theoretical account Universal Testing Machine ( Fig. 3 ) at a crosshead velocity of 2mm per minute and consequences were analyzed to cipher the tensile strength of composite samples.4. Plan AN Experiment:Recognition of job and job statement:â€Å" Determine the affect of Alkali Treatment Time, Fiber length & A ; % Fiber volume on the tensile strengt h of Natural Fiber ( short Asian Palmyra ) Reinforced Composite. †Choice of factors, degrees, scopes:Alkali Treatment Time ( A ) , Fiber length ( B ) , Fiber volume % ( C ) ( 3 Levels )Choice of the response variable:Tensile Strength of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite ( T ) .Choice of experimental design:3 flat factorial design.Performing the experiment:Tensile strength on Universal Testing Machine ( UTM ) .Statistical analysis of informations:A, B, C relation to TDecisions and recommendations:Accomplishment of experiment aims.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED METHODOLOGYThe control factors considered for experiments are alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fibre volume per centum while tensile strength is considered as the end product response. The process of response surface methodological analysis comprises the undermentioned stairss [ 30 ] : Plan a series of experiments for equal and dependable measuring of the response of involvement. Develop an empirical or mathematical theoretical account of the 2nd order response surface with the best adjustments. Find the optimum set of experimental parametric quantities that produce a upper limit or minimal value of response. Represent the direct and the synergistic effects of procedure parametric quantities through two and three dimensional secret plans.4.1.1 Conducting the experimentsThe executable scopes of the procedure control variables considered are listed in Table 4.2. These values correspond to the conditions at which there is maximal consequence on tensile strength as reported by other writers for different natural fibres. The belongingss of Asiatic Palmyra fibre reinforced complexs with different fibre lengths, clip continuances of Alkali intervention and fibre volume per centums under these conditions, the probes are presented in the undermentioned Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5. Sample of tensile trial studies are shown in Fig. 4. The tensile strength of the specimen made of epoxy and hardener is 12.44MPa.4.2 DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL MODELSThe informations collected from typical experiments refering to end product responses, Tensile Strength from Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 are used to implement the proposed methodological analysis. The demand in developing the mathematical relationships is to associate the tensile strength to the procedure parametric quantities thereby easing the optimisation of the procedure parametric quantities. Design Expert, 8.0v [ 31 ] , statistical analysis package, is used to calculate the arrested development coefficients of the proposed theoretical accounts. The interaction effects of the procedure parametric quantities and tensile strength are important and hence the 2nd order theoretical accounts are postulated. The multinomial is fitted and the relationships obtained for the end product responses are given below:4.2.1 Adequacy trial:The developed empirical theoretical accounts are tested for their adequateness utilizing the undermentioned trials:4.2.1.1 Analysis of Variance [ ANOVA ] :ANOVA is carried out for the quadratic response surface theoretical accounts. The statistics of ANOVA for Tensile Strength is given in the Table 4.6. In instance of tensile strength, it can be observed from Table 4.6 that the value of â€Å" Probability & gt ; F † for the theoretical account is less than 0.05, which indicates that the theoretical account is important [ 28 ] .4.2.1.2 Multiple arrested development coefficients:To look into whether the fitted theoretical accounts really describe the experimental information, the multiple arrested dev elopment coefficient [ R2 ] is computed. R2 statistic is defined as the ratio of variableness explained by the theoretical account to the entire variableness in the existent experimental informations and is used as a step of goodness of fit [ 28 ] . If R2 attacks to integrity, the better the theoretical account fits the experimental information. In other words, it is the proportion of fluctuation in the dependant variable [ response ] that can be explained by the forecasters [ factor ] in the theoretical account. From Table 4.6, R2 for tensile strength is found to be 0.9276. This shows that the second-order theoretical account can explicate the fluctuation in tensile strength up to the extent of 92.76 % . The adjusted R2 efforts to give a more appropriate value to gauge R2. Adjusted R2 can be computed utilizing the expression 1- [ [ 1- R2 ] * [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] ] , where N is the figure of observations and K is the figure of forecasters [ 28 ] . When N is little and K is big and there will be a much greater difference between R2 and adjusted R2 [ because the ratio of [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] will be much less than 1. By contrast, when the figure of observations is really big compared to the figure of forecasters, the value of R2 and adjusted R2 will be much closer because the ratio of [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] will near 1. From Table 4.6, adjusted R2 for tensile strength is found to be 0.8915. It can be observed that the values of R2 and adjusted R2 are much closer to each other. The developed mathematical theoretical accounts are farther checked for their adequateness utilizing normal chance secret plan of remainders. The diagnostic secret plans are drawn to look into whether the informations are usually distributed and for any premise is violated. Therefore, the normal chance secret plan of remainders for the responses, tensile strength is plotted. Normal chance secret plans are used to measure whether informations come from the normal distribution. The statistical process makes the premise that an implicit in distribution is normal [ 28 ] . Thus normal chance secret plans can supply confidence that the premise is justified, or else supply a warning of jobs with the premise. An analysis of normalcy typically combines normal chance secret plans with hypothesis trials for normalcy. In a normal chance secret plan, if all the information points autumn near the line, an premise of normalcy is sensible. Otherwise, the points will swerve off from the line, and an premise of normalcy is non justified. The normal chance secret plans of the remainders for the end product responses, tensile strength is shown in Fig. 5 and it can be observed that the remainders are located on consecutive line, which means that the mistakes are distributed usually. The 3D surface graphs for tensile strength are shown in Figs. 6 – 8. All have curvilinear profile in conformity to the quadratic theoretical account fitted. Fig. 6 shows the interaction consequence of fibre length and alkali intervention clip on tensile strenth at different degrees of fibre volume per centum. It is clear from the figure that at highest values of fibre length and alkali intervention clip the tensile strenth attains largest value of 27MPa. At high value of alkali intervention clip ( 6Hrs ) and low value of fiber length ( 3mm ) , tensile strength varies from 17-19 MPa. where as at low value of both fiber length and alkali intervention clip the tensile strength is lowest. Fig. 7 depicts the consequence of fibre volume per centum and alkali intervention clip on tensile strength at different degrees of fibre length. As indicated in the secret plan the tensile strength additions with addition in both fiber volume per centum and alkali intervention clip. The highest value of tensile strength of about 27MPa is recorded at high values of fibre volume per centum and alkali intervention clip. Fig. 8 describes the interaction consequence of fibre volume per centum and fiber length on tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented Palmyra fiber composite at different degrees of base intervention clip. As the fibre volume per centum additions from 20 – 40 % and fibre length increasing from 7 – 3mm so tensile strength additions from 13 – 27 MPa. The combined consequence of fibre length and fibre volume per centum increases the tensile strength of composite. It can be said that the empirical theoretical accounts developed were moderately accurate, for Tensile strength.5 DecisionThe proposed work is on the survey and consequence of procedure parametric quantities on the tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented toddy palm fibre reinforced complexs. The experimental probe on mechanical behavior of palmyra fibre reinforced complexs leads to the undermentioned decisions: Tensile strength ( TS ) , of the toddy palm fibre reinforced compos ite stuff is greatly influenced by alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fibre volume fraction. The quadratic theoretical account developed by RSM can be used to foretell the tensile strength of the toddy palm fibre reinforced composite stuff at 93 % assurance degree. But the cogency of the theoretical account is limited to the scope of parametric quantities considered for the probe. The truth of the developed theoretical account can be improved by including more figure of parametric quantities and degrees. Further, mathematical theoretical accounts can be developed by taking multiple responses, with different scopes of procedure variables and the composite design can be optimized based on the demand of the clients.

Prepare a legal brief on the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Santa Fe Essay

Prepare a legal brief on the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Santa Fe Independent School Dist. v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290 (2000) - Essay Example They even argued that since these prayers were conducted by the students themselves, these prayers were not anything more than a speech conducted by a student and by no means was a speech that was sponsored by the state itself. This case was a 6 -3 decision in which the court decided that the prayers conducted by students before commencement of football games taking place at a public address system gives an image that the state government is trying to endorse religious activities and due to this such activities were found to be in violation of the Establishment Clause1. The district had failed to persuade the court into believing that prayers conducted before high school level football games were a private matter of the students. These prayers and their content were regulated, administered and monitored by the school and due to this; these prayers were considered as if the government preferred such speeches and prayers which are religious in nature. Secondly, according to the historical background of practices that were religious in nature and were conducted in the district of schools, the policy that was undertaken by the district to elect students seemed to be created to preserve the performance of prayers taking place before the games were held. The court even figured out that the method that was used to elect the prayer participants and to determine whether a particular message should be conveyed or not intensified the issue of violation of Establishment Clause because these voting resulted in rivalry between different individuals who were foll owing different religions. Fourthly, the way the speaker was elected even reflected that prayers of those who were in the majority would take place. Due to all these factors, the court established that such practices were not only perceived to be endorsed by the state, but were actually state endorsed and

Reflection on my nursing experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection on my nursing experience - Essay Example The first stage of the Gibbs Reflective Cycle makes an individual describe the whole situation so that he/she may be able to analyze the consequential feelings in the second stage. In the third stage, the individual evaluates his/her experience, and organizes his/her analysis in the fourth stage so as to have a logical interpretation of it. In the fifth stage, the individual works out alternative solutions to the problem, and chooses the most viable option for use in the future. In the sixth stage, which is the last stage of the Gibbs Reflective Cycle, the individual makes action plan according to which he/she would work in the future in similar circumstances (Jasper). To reflect upon one’s experiences is an extremely useful and beneficial practice if one wants to rationalize one’s approach in the future matters. In the capacity of being a human, everybody commits mistakes. To do mistakes is not a mistake, though if one does not learn from one’s mistakes, it is i n itself the biggest mistake! Reflection upon past experiences provides one with an opportunity to see where one went wrong so that the unfavorable consequences would not have to be faced ever again (Lewis). For professionals, this practice adds to their knowledge, and enables them to adjust to unusual situations in life with least inconvenience. This practice also inculcates self esteem in an individual so that he/she is able to deliver his/her best in the profession. Besides, this is a process of self education. The self analysis an individual does while reflecting upon the past experiences allows him/her to have an interview of the self. It is essentially introspection (Cyprus). It enhances a nurse’s practice competence (Lenburg). â€Å"The goal of any therapeutic alliance †¦ is to facilitate the emergence of the authentic self† (Freshwater 4). This practice is conducive for making one a better human being both for one’s self and for the society. The goa l of conducting this reflection for me is to improve my therapeutic relationship with patients being a nurse. Therapeutic relationship with patients is controlled by a nurse’s interpersonal skills. Both verbal and body language play a role in it. I hereby choose to reflect upon my experience with Mr. X who suffers from brain tumor. In those days, I was placed in the surgical ward for two weeks in the third semester. One day, all patients moved towards the cafeteria for lunch except for Mr. X. He was lost in some thoughts. I approached him, and asked his permission to help him. He could not understand my language because he had a different language. I wanted to feed him. I used eating gestures to deliver my message. According to Hill and Howlett (69), an individual should work out the most rational option which is consistent with the desired result in order to be successful as a nurse. Understanding my body language, he nodded. I checked his diet schedule and fed him according ly. Cherry and Jacob (400) consider body language a strong means of conveyance of messages to the patients. While feeding him, I looked him in the eyes so that he would know that I am doing my job whole heartedly. Eye contact with the patient conveys a nurse’s sincerity, honesty and truth of emotions to the patient that is conducive for the building up of sound rapport between the two (Faulkner 92). However, it is important to break eye contact sensibly and with careful judgment so as to keep it from

Review Assignment Resume & Cover Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review Assignment Resume & Cover Letter - Essay Example So as to uniquely format the resume, the dates on the right should line up and proper space between each line. On the other hand, the resume needs to address the strengths and weaknesses of the applicant, especially on the self-employed work experience section. Due to less experience, the self-employed section should include Information Technology skills and other skills required by the job advert. Furthermore, the Cover Letter required some changes in the introduction and conclusion parts. The introduction section should explain the purpose and skills attained to fit in the position advertised. The cover letter needs to contain some more technical skills related to the job advertised. Also, the conclusion section needs to stress visions and strengths associated with the acquired skills. Hence, the needed expertise should add value to the company. Without any doubt, the two documents need some revision. The mentioned changes would make both the Resume and the Cover Letter to appeal to the eyes of the hiring managers. Such changes would help the hiring managers to associate the experience and skills needed in the job position. Besides, the documents would convey a clear message to the recruitment panel hence eliminating any doubts and uncertainties. According to the instructor’s feedback, the two documents required some revision. The revised sections would communicate well to the hiring team. Therefore, the revised document conveyed the required skills for the job

Community teaching part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Community teaching part 3 - Essay Example The education program targeted adults from aged 18 years to 75 years. The reason for the selection is that the people in the groups can comprehend the basics that will be taught and implement them. They then can transfer the knowledge to others in the community. The teaching involved dissemination of professional information to the attendees in the Hispanic language. Spanish was used since it is the first language of the target community. The motive was to enhance understanding of the issues and hence better outcomes. The process also involved question and answer sessions where people had the opportunity to ask various questions and clarifications on issues they find contentious. After the training, the attendees were required to answer basic questions regarding diabetes. The questions were both oral and written. The objective was to check the importance of the session to the community. The attendees were also be required to demonstrate to others what they have learned. Testing the ability to teach others tests the ability of the training to impact other people who will not attend the sessions. The Center for Disease and Control states that American Hispanics are at a greater risk of developing diabetic conditions than other white Americans. The CDC puts the prevalence of the disease among Hispanics as 66% higher than other white Americans. The CDC further estimates that 2%-10% of Hispanic mothers develop gestational diabetes (cdc.gov). The reasons for the conditions can be attributed to the functional health patterns of the community. During a pilot study, it was found out that most of the Hispanics are not physically active and do not consider nutrition as a health factor. According to Swain and Leutholtz (2007), people with type 2 diabetes heavily rely on diet and physical activity. Thus, the Spanish community is uninformed in matters concerning the mitigation of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes has led to huge health and economic loss to

Kierkegaard and Man's Search for Meaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kierkegaard and Man's Search for Meaning - Essay Example The religious stage, it is a leap of faith, and God being our fulfillment it becomes clear as we discover the adequacy of existence. God’s existence is suggested in our awareness of self-alienation and cannot be collapsed into scientific inquiry. Without risk, they are no faith and truth must be inward reality and cannot simply be grasped at cognitively. The venture chooses an objective uncertainly with passion of infinite (George 77). Life is not primarily a quest for pleasure, as felid believed. The largest task for any person is to find meaning of life. Frank saw three possible sources of meanings in working, love and courage in difficult times. Forces beyond your control can take every thing possible expect your freedom to choose on how to respond on situations. Man, however, can live or even die for the sake of values and ideas. Statistical survey explained that 78% percent said that making money was their first goal in life. Neurogenic neuroses do not come from conflict between drives and instincts but rather from existing problems. It is a frustration often eventuates in sexual compensation (George 67). Ultimately, man should not ask the meaning of life rather he recognizes that it is who is being asked Love is the only way to grasp another human innermost core of his personality. No one can be fully aware of every essence of another human unless he loves him. It emphasizes that is an ultimate purpose of

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Literature Review - Essay Example ost positioning and customer preference, market structure is an issue that has lived with aerospace companies since time immemorial, with very little done to subdue the situation effectively. On this note, one of the global aerospace core players, Kuehen+Nagel, also found itself on the receiving end when the market structure refused to accept its traditional model in various countries. It had to manipulate the business model in order to survive (Lovelock, 2010). Owing to the vastness of the air logistics transport sector and the criticality of the subject at hand, several previous research works have been done in the same area, however, most of the past research dwelt on the general subject of issues faced by Kuehne+Nagel as an aerospace logistics company. Obviously, that is a very extensive subject, and unless enough resources, time being one of them, are put forward for such broad studies, the findings are bound to be inaccurate. However, this does not mean that no such studies have come out as accurate; there are some that are considered very accurate, and which addressed the issue in question. But still, the issue is shallowly covered as the study seeks to address several issues at once. Other such previous expeditions also focused on the market structure and its effect on the global aerospace logistics companies (Bayazit & Karpak, 2013). It is from such studies that this research aims to borrow from to come up with findings that are mo re comprehensive. Overall, this section aims to find, analyse, compare, and contrast various previous studies, discussions, and coverage on this research topic. A study entitled, â€Å"Customer Satisfaction Measurement in Air Logistics Company Services: An Empirical Study of Need –Gap Analysis,† compares Kuehne+Nagel’s customer satisfaction with what the market requires (Upadhyaya, 2013). It gives precise attention to cost positioning and its effects on customer satisfaction and their subsequent retention. The author

Honeywell Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Honeywell Outsourcing - Essay Example oneywell Aerospace, Automation and Control, Specialty Materials and its Transportation Systems which provides consumer car care products which include Prestone, FRAM. The largest of these divisions is Honeywell Aerospace which produces aircraft components, engines, avionics for commercial airlines, business and regional aircrafts and spacecrafts (Honeywell International, Inc., 2006). One of the key issues the company is dealing with today is outsourcing its business and operations. The trend of outsourcing has not been limited to the company but has been indicative of the current trends in almost all industries to cut operations costs. According to Honeywell, its outsourcing is part of its competitive strategy: "As a global technology leader, we must participate in the worldwide economy and open new markets for our products and services, while continuing to recruit and retain a competitive and talented global work force, The result will be a company that stays ahead of the curve; focuses on meeting the needs of our customers; provides challenging opportunities for our employees and sustains growth over the long-term for shareholders." (Frauenheim, 2004). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outsourcing activities of Honeywell International Inc. and to assess the impact of these activities to the company, the industry and the national economy. This is to recognize that the outsourcing or off-shoring policies of a company, especially one of Honeywell’s magnitude influences industries and markets. A study of company, competitor and global outsourcing trends will be utilized. Literature based on industry trends will be compared to global indicators and will be used to approximate the bearing of Honeywell’s outsourcing activities. A SWOT Matrix will be used to illustrate prevailing trends as well as developments that will reflect Honeywell’s long term policies and standpoint on outsourcing. China and Mexico have been chosen by Honeywell since the